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Related Concept Videos

Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Coronavirus01:29

Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...

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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine
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Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine

Published on: December 4, 2015

Swine flu.

Manish Sinha1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, India. msinha1@yahoo.co.in

Journal of Infection and Public Health
|August 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) virus is causing a rapid global outbreak through human-to-human spread. Early detection and treatment with oseltamivir are crucial for managing severe cases of this infectious disease.

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Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine
05:59

Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine

Published on: December 4, 2015

Influenza A Virus Studies in a Mouse Model of Infection
10:44

Influenza A Virus Studies in a Mouse Model of Infection

Published on: September 7, 2017

Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV
03:53

Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV

Published on: November 10, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • A novel Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) virus has emerged, causing a rapidly spreading global outbreak.
  • Sustained human-to-human transmission is occurring across multiple countries, facilitated by travel and social gatherings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key characteristics of the novel Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) outbreak.
  • To highlight essential aspects of case detection, diagnosis, and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Surveillance of reported symptoms including fever, cough, myalgia, and sore throat.
  • Diagnostic confirmation using Real-time Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) on respiratory samples.
  • Review of transmission routes (droplet inhalation, direct contact) and facilitating factors (travel, social gatherings).

Main Results:

  • The virus spreads efficiently through human-to-human transmission.
  • Common symptoms include fever, cough, myalgia, and sore throat.
  • RT-PCR is a sensitive diagnostic method.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt case detection requires detailed contact/travel history and community surveillance.
  • Early diagnosis via RT-PCR is critical.
  • Oseltamivir may be necessary for treating severe H1N1 influenza illness.