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Related Concept Videos

Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Causes of Social Behavior III: Biological and Environmental Influences01:28

Causes of Social Behavior III: Biological and Environmental Influences

Social behavior is a complex phenomenon that arises from the interaction between biological predispositions and environmental influences. This intricate interplay shapes how individuals think, feel, and act in various social contexts. Understanding these mechanisms requires insights from psychology, neuroscience, genetics, and evolutionary theory.Environmental Influences on Social BehaviorEnvironmental factors, including temperature, odors, and visual stimuli, play a crucial role in shaping...
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

Early life environment, neurodevelopment and the interrelation with atopy.

J Sunyer1, X Basagaña, J R González

  • 1Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain. jsunyer@creal.cat

Environmental Research
|August 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Early life environmental exposures, including maternal smoking and pollutants like DDT and NO2, are linked to poorer child neurodevelopment. These effects appear independent of atopy, though some atopic genes may influence cognitive outcomes.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

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Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment
06:47

Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment

Published on: September 27, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Early life exposures can impact both neurological and immunological systems.
  • A link between neurological disorders and atopy has been observed in humans and animals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if early life exposures affect neurodevelopment, considering atopy's potential intermediate role.
  • To investigate if atopy-associated genes provide insight into neurotoxic mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the AMICS birth cohort (n=418) in Menorca.
  • Assessment of general cognition using McCarthy Scales at age 4.
  • Measurement of atopy via specific IgE and prick tests; genotyping of 85 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 16 atopy and detoxification genes.

Main Results:

  • Lower maternal social class, maternal smoking, being firstborn, shorter breastfeeding, higher cord blood DDT, and higher indoor NO2 were associated with poorer cognition.
  • These associations were not mediated by atopy.
  • Variants in NQ01 and NPRS1 genes showed a significant association with general cognition, but did not alter the impact of early life determinants.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple environmental prenatal exposures independently impact neurodevelopment, irrespective of immunological system involvement.
  • Atopy-related genes suggest potential mechanisms influencing neurodevelopment.