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Disorders of the Urinary System

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation

The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...

Urinary Bladder

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...

The Micturition Reflex

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Real-Time Void Spot Assay

Real-Time Void Spot Assay

Published on: February 10, 2023

Urinary incontinence.

Eva Fong¹, Victor W Nitti

¹Department of Urology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 150 East 32nd Street, New York, NY 10016, USA.

|August 14, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Urinary incontinence affects many older adults and can be diagnosed through history and examination. Initial treatments involve lifestyle changes, exercises, and medication, with urologic referral for persistent or complex cases.

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Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Real-Time Void Spot Assay

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Published on: August 28, 2020

Area of Science:

Gerontology
Urology
Public Health

Background:

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a prevalent health issue, particularly in aging populations.
It significantly impacts quality of life and healthcare costs.
Understanding UI types is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the diagnostic approach to urinary incontinence.
To describe initial management strategies for different UI types.
To define criteria for urologic referral in UI cases.

Main Methods:

Clinical assessment including detailed patient history.
Physical examination to evaluate potential causes.
Classification of incontinence into types: stress, urge, mixed, or other.

Main Results:

History and physical examination are key to diagnosing UI type.
Initial treatments include behavioral modifications, pelvic floor exercises, and anticholinergic drugs.
Successful management often begins with conservative measures.

Conclusions:

Prompt diagnosis and appropriate initial treatment can improve outcomes for urinary incontinence.
Urologic referral is essential for treatment-resistant or complicated cases.
Early intervention strategies are vital for managing this common condition in older adults.