Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running
Published on: July 17, 2020
Common lower extremity injuries in the skeletally immature athlete
Matthew F Grady1, Arlene Goodman
1Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, King of Prussia, PA, USA.
Abstract:
Lower extremity musculoskeletal pain is a common complaint in the adolescent athlete. During rapid growth, several common biomechanical changes occur that may predispose to overuse injury. Unlike fractures, most of these office-based sports medicine complaints are initially evaluated by the primary care provider. This review discusses several of the most common complaints and briefly discusses some clinically significant conditions that masquerade as common injuries. The article discusses only the injuries unique to the growing athlete. The article's goal is to help develop a framework for the pediatric clinician to evaluate common complaints and formulate a plan that includes simple stretches and physical therapy recommendations.
Related Concept Videos
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Fractures: Bone Repair
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Introduction to the Skeletal System
Components of the Skeletal System
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a hard connective tissue that forms an internal support structure for the human body. Bones shield vulnerable organs and soft tissue from external forces. For example, the vertebral bones protect and support the spinal cord.
Cartilage, a semi-rigid connective tissue found in regions such as...

