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Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sweat Glands01:20

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sweat Glands

Sweat glands or sudoriferous glands are one of the important accessory structures of the skin. They are small, coiled tubular structures located in the dermis, the middle layer of the skin. Sweat glands are responsible for producing and secreting sweat, a watery fluid that helps regulate body temperature and excrete waste products.
Sweat glands are classified as merocrine glands; that is, the secretions are excreted by exocytosis through a duct without affecting the cells of the gland. There...
Thermoregulation01:26

Thermoregulation

The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.
What is Homeostasis?01:16

What is Homeostasis?

Maintaining homeostasis requires that the body continuously maintain its internal conditions. Each physiological condition has a particular set point, from body temperature to blood pressure to levels of certain nutrients. A set point is the physiological value around which the normal range fluctuates. A normal range is a restricted set of values that is optimally healthful and stable. For example, the set point for normal human body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F). Physiological...
Diabetes Insipidus II: Pathophysiology01:22

Diabetes Insipidus II: Pathophysiology

Normally, water balance is maintained through three interconnected mechanisms: the hypothalamic thirst center, the synthesis and release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin), and the kidneys' responsiveness to this hormone. ADH is synthesized in the hypothalamus, released from the posterior pituitary, and acts on the distal nephron, allowing water reabsorption and concentrated urine production.Diabetes Insipidus and Its TypesIn diabetes insipidus (DI), this regulatory system is...
Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device
05:32

A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device

Published on: November 24, 2016

Hyperhidrosis: evolving concepts and a comprehensive review.

Tobias Vorkamp1, Fung Joon Foo, Sidra Khan

  • 1Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University of Goettingen, Germany.

The Surgeon : Journal of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Ireland
|August 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Excessive sweating, or hyperhidrosis, significantly impacts quality of life for 1% of UK individuals, often linked to emotional stimuli. Treatments range from topical medications to surgery for severe cases.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

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11:40

Quantitative Autonomic Testing

Published on: July 19, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Hyperhidrosis is a disorder of excessive sweating with a significant negative impact on quality of life.
  • It affects nearly 1% of the UK population, with axillary involvement being most common (80%).
  • A common cause is extreme non-thermoregulatory sympathetic stimulation of sweat glands, often due to emotional stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the evolving concepts, risks, and benefits of hyperhidrosis treatments.
  • To provide an overview of current and emerging therapeutic options for excessive sweating.

Main Methods:

  • Review of non-surgical treatments including topical medication, iontophoresis, and systemic anti-cholinergics.
  • Discussion of intradermal botulinum toxin as a popular recent option.
  • Overview of surgical interventions for severe, refractory cases: local excision, curettage, and thoracoscopic sympathectomy.

Main Results:

  • Non-surgical treatments offer options for mild to moderate hyperhidrosis.
  • Intradermal botulinum toxin provides a less invasive, effective treatment for many.
  • Surgical options are reserved for severe cases unresponsive to conservative management.

Conclusions:

  • Hyperhidrosis management requires a tailored approach based on severity and patient factors.
  • Understanding the risks and benefits of all treatment modalities is crucial for optimal patient outcomes.
  • Further research into novel treatments for excessive sweating is warranted.