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Related Concept Videos

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Quantifiable and Inexpensive Cell-Free Fluorescent Method to Confirm the Ability of Novel Compounds to Chelate Iron
05:36

Quantifiable and Inexpensive Cell-Free Fluorescent Method to Confirm the Ability of Novel Compounds to Chelate Iron

Published on: February 23, 2024

Combined iron chelation therapy.

Renzo Galanello1, Annalisa Agus, Simona Campus

  • 1Pediatric Clinic 2, University of Cagliari, Italy. renzo.galanello@mcweb.unica.it

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|August 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Combination iron chelation therapy, using two medications, is effective for thalassemia major patients with severe iron overload. This approach improves outcomes and survival by managing complications from blood transfusions.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Quantifiable and Inexpensive Cell-Free Fluorescent Method to Confirm the Ability of Novel Compounds to Chelate Iron
05:36

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Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
11:04

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides

Published on: September 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Pharmacology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Thalassemia major patients accumulate iron due to red blood cell transfusions.
  • This iron overload leads to serious hepatic, endocrine, and cardiac complications.
  • Current iron chelator monotherapy is not always adequate for severe cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination iron chelation therapy.
  • To improve iron balance and reduce complications in thalassemia major.
  • To explore tailored chelation strategies for long-term patient management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of extensive long-term experience with combined chelation therapy.
  • Analysis of data on combined deferiprone and deferoxamine (DFO) therapy.
  • Evaluation of preliminary results with deferasirox and DFO combination.

Main Results:

  • Combined deferiprone and DFO therapy rapidly reduces liver iron, serum ferritin, and myocardial siderosis.
  • This combination improves cardiac function, endocrine complications, and survival rates.
  • Preliminary data suggest deferasirox and DFO combination is also promising.

Conclusions:

  • Combination iron chelation therapy is effective for managing severe iron overload in thalassemia major.
  • This approach offers improved efficacy and patient outcomes compared to monotherapy.
  • Further evaluation of drug combinations will enable personalized chelation strategies.