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Related Concept Videos

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any finite,...
Polar Coordinates: Problem Solving01:27

Polar Coordinates: Problem Solving

Directional radiation patterns are central to antenna analysis, as they illustrate how signal strength varies with direction. These patterns are often modeled using polar plots, where the radial distance from the origin represents signal intensity at a given angle. A commonly used idealized form is the four-lobed rose curve, which captures the concept of directional beams in a simplified mathematical form.The four-lobed rose curve, described by r = cos⁡(2θ), features four symmetric lobes, each...
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
05:57

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Published on: April 1, 2020

Transmit/receive time-delay beam-forming optical architecture for phased-array antennas.

N A Riza

    Applied Optics
    |August 19, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel optical architecture for time-delay beam-forming is presented. This robust and efficient system works for both antenna transmit and receive modes, enhancing signal processing capabilities.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Traditional beam-forming systems often face limitations in terms of size, efficiency, and operational modes.
    • Developing compact and versatile optical solutions is crucial for advancing antenna systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel time-delay beam-forming optical architecture.
    • To demonstrate its robustness, compactness, and efficiency.
    • To validate its operation in both antenna transmit and receive modes.

    Main Methods:

    • Design and implementation of a compact optical architecture.
    • Integration of time-delay elements for beam control.
    • Testing in both transmission and reception configurations.

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    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
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    Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
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    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

    Published on: April 1, 2020

    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
    09:43

    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

    Published on: March 20, 2017

    Main Results:

    • A robust and compact optical beam-forming architecture was successfully developed.
    • The system demonstrated high efficiency in operation.
    • The architecture proved effective for both antenna transmit and receive functionalities.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed optical architecture offers a significant advancement in time-delay beam-forming technology.
    • Its compact and efficient design, coupled with dual-mode operation, makes it suitable for various advanced antenna applications.