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Related Concept Videos

Signal and System01:26

Signal and System

A signal x(t) is a set of data or a time function representing a variable of interest. Signals typically convey information about a phenomenon, such as atmospheric temperature, humidity, human voice, television images, a dog's bark, or birdsongs. More generally, a signal can be a function of more than one independent variable. For instance, images depend on horizontal and vertical positions and can be regarded as two-dimensional signals. However, this text will focus on one-dimensional signals...
Pilot and Numeric Relaying01:21

Pilot and Numeric Relaying

Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Implementation of a Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) System on a Ti:Sapphire and OPO Laser Based Standard Laser Scanning Microscope
12:54

Implementation of a Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) System on a Ti:Sapphire and OPO Laser Based Standard Laser Scanning Microscope

Published on: July 17, 2016

Signaling system for multiple-access laser communications and interference protection.

N A Riza, J E Hershey, A A Hassan

    Applied Optics
    |September 8, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Spatial coding enhances free-space optical communications by using transmitter aperture bandwidth for user identification. This method improves signal recovery and interference mitigation for multiple users sharing a common receiver.

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    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
    07:45

    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

    Published on: February 6, 2014

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

    Implementation of a Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) System on a Ti:Sapphire and OPO Laser Based Standard Laser Scanning Microscope
    12:54

    Implementation of a Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) System on a Ti:Sapphire and OPO Laser Based Standard Laser Scanning Microscope

    Published on: July 17, 2016

    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
    07:45

    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

    Published on: February 6, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Communications
    • Signal Processing
    • Information Theory

    Background:

    • Asynchronous multiple-access free-space optical communication systems face challenges in user identification and interference mitigation.
    • Existing methods may not fully utilize the spatial capabilities of laser transmitter apertures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel signaling method using spatial coding for asynchronous multiple-access free-space optical communications.
    • To enhance interference mitigation and enable efficient signal recovery for shared optical links.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing the large spatial bandwidth of laser transmitter apertures for user coding.
    • Preserving transmitter temporal bandwidth for information signals.
    • Employing incoherent optical detection, spatial sampling, and matched filtering (electronic or optical) for signal recovery.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated the feasibility of using spatial coding for user identification in free-space optical links.
    • Showcased signal recovery through analysis of Fresnel or Fraunhofer diffraction patterns.
    • Indicated potential for low-to-medium data rates (3 Mbits/s) with electronic filtering and higher rates (100 Mbits/s) with optical correlators.

    Conclusions:

    • Spatial coding offers a viable approach for asynchronous multiple-access free-space optical communications.
    • The proposed method provides improved interference protection through spatially distributed processing.
    • This technique is suitable for scenarios with multiple transmitters sharing a common receiver.