Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
10:42

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Published on: March 22, 2019

Line-frequency measurements and analysis of N(2)O between 900 and 4700 cm(-1)

R A Toth

    Applied Optics
    |August 19, 2010
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies09:38

    Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

    Published on: December 18, 2015

    Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown09:40

    Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown

    Published on: February 14, 2014

    Related Concept Videos

    IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching01:24

    IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching

    In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of  2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in the 3500–3100 cm−1 range. Even though both O−H and N−H bonds vibrate at a similar...
    IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

    IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

    Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single stretching vibration...
    NMR Spectroscopy Of Amines01:19

    NMR Spectroscopy Of Amines

    In proton NMR spectroscopy, primary amines and secondary amines showcase their N–H protons as a broad signal in the chemical shift range between δ 0.5 and 5 ppm. The exact position in this range depends on several factors, including sample concentration, hydrogen bonding, and the type of solvent used. Since amine protons undergo fast proton exchange in solution, the protons are labile and therefore do not participate in any splitting with adjacent protons. Thus, the observed peak is broad and...
    NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

    NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

    A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
    IR Frequency Region: Alkyne and Nitrile Stretching01:22

    IR Frequency Region: Alkyne and Nitrile Stretching

    Both alkyne (C≡C) and nitrile (C≡N) functional groups contain triple bonds and show stretching absorptions around the wavenumber range of 2100 to 2300 cm−1 in the diagnostic region of the IR spectra.
    Comparing the stretching vibrational frequency of  C≡C triple bonds with that of double and single bonds, it is evident that C≡C triple bonds exhibit a higher stretching frequency than C=C double and C–C single bonds. Similarly, the C≡N triple bond exhibits higher stretching absorption than the C=N...
    IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

    IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

    A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
    According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...