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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular tachycardia.
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...

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An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
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Accessory mitral valve causing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

Shengli Jiang1, Tao Zhang, Wei Sheng

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Cardiac Surgery Institute, Beijing, China. Jiangsl301@sina.com

The Heart Surgery Forum
|August 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Congenital accessory mitral valve (AMV) can cause left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). Surgical resection of the AMV effectively resolves LVOTO, necessitating regular Doppler echocardiography follow-up.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease
  • Cardiac Surgery

Background:

  • Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) is a critical condition.
  • Congenital accessory mitral valve (AMV) is a rare cause of LVOTO.
  • Understanding AMV's role in LVOTO is essential for effective treatment.

Observation:

  • Two pediatric cases of LVOTO secondary to AMV were analyzed.
  • Case 1 presented with severe LVOTO due to a fixed (Type I) AMV and mitral valve cleft.
  • Case 2 exhibited mild LVOTO and mitral regurgitation from a mobile (Type II) AMV and atrial septal defect.

Findings:

  • Surgical resection of both fixed and mobile AMVs was performed successfully.
  • Concomitant cardiac defects were addressed during the same operative procedures.
  • Post-operative assessment revealed near-complete resolution of LVOTO in both patients.

Implications:

  • Surgical removal of AMV is the recommended treatment for AMV-induced LVOTO.
  • Long-term surveillance using Doppler echocardiography is crucial for monitoring LVOTO.
  • This approach ensures optimal patient outcomes and prevents disease progression.