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Related Concept Videos

Intensity Of Electromagnetic Waves01:22

Intensity Of Electromagnetic Waves

The energy transport per unit area per unit time, or the Poynting vector, gives the energy flux of an electromagnetic wave at any specific time. For a plane electromagnetic wave with E0 and B0 as the peak electric and magnetic fields and traveling along the x-axis, the time-varying energy flux can be given by the following equation:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

40-GHz bandwidth InGaAs/InAlAs multiple quantum well optical intensity modulator.

O Mitomi, I Kotaka, K Wakita

    Applied Optics
    |August 20, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    High-speed optical modulators using InGaAs/InAIAs multiple quantum wells (MQW) achieve over 40 GHz bandwidth. These waveguide modulators minimize capacitance for enhanced performance in optical communication systems.

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    Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Materials Science
    • Photonics

    Background:

    • Optical intensity modulators are crucial components in high-speed communication.
    • Minimizing capacitance is key to achieving wider bandwidth in modulators.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate high-speed waveguide InGaAs/InAIAs multiple quantum well (MQW) optical intensity modulators.
    • To enhance modulator bandwidth by minimizing device capacitance.

    Main Methods:

    • Incorporated an undoped InAIAs cladding layer over the MQW core.
    • Utilized polyimide spin coating under the bonding pad.
    • Fabricated waveguide optical intensity modulators.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a bandwidth exceeding 40 GHz.
    • Required a driving voltage of 6 V for a 10-dB extinction ratio.
    • Observed a linewidth broadening factor alpha of < 1.0 at 1.54 microm.
    • Identified device capacitance and inductance as limiting factors for frequency response.

    Conclusions:

    • The demonstrated InGaAs/InAIAs MQW modulators offer high-speed operation.
    • Capacitance reduction techniques are effective in achieving ultra-wide bandwidth.
    • Further improvements can be made by addressing device capacitance and inductance.