Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Intensity Of Electromagnetic Waves

Intensity Of Electromagnetic Waves

The energy transport per unit area per unit time, or the Poynting vector, gives the energy flux of an electromagnetic wave at any specific time. For a plane electromagnetic wave with E0 and B0 as the peak electric and magnetic fields and traveling along the x-axis, the time-varying energy flux can be given by the following equation:

Maximum Power Transfer

Maximum Power Transfer

Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
By substituting the entire circuit with...

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:

Properties of Fourier Transform I

Properties of Fourier Transform I

The application of Fourier Transform properties in radio broadcasting is multifaceted, enabling significant advancements in the way signals are transmitted and received. Key areas where these properties are utilized include simultaneous multi-channel transmission, audio clip speed adjustments, live broadcast delays for different time zones, audio frequency adjustments, and signal demodulation.
In radio broadcasting, multiple audio signals often need to be transmitted simultaneously. The Fourier...

Power Factor Correction

Power Factor Correction

The power transmission to a factory involves the transfer of apparent power, a combination of active and reactive power. The power factor measures how effectively electrical power is converted into useful work output. The ratio of the real power (KW) that does the work to the apparent power (KVA) supplied to the circuit.

IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Dipole Moment

IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Dipole Moment

The dipole moment of a bond is the product of the partial charge on either atom and the distance between them. Dipole moments influence the efficiency of IR absorption and the peak intensity. When a bond with a dipole moment is placed in an electric field, the direction of the field determines if the bond is compressed or stretched. Electromagnetic radiation consists of an electric field component that rapidly reverses direction. It follows that polar bonds are alternately stretched and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Complementary hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N MRI reveal divergent signatures of hepatic injury and methyl-donor metabolism.

Npj imaging·2026

Same author

Across-cities transportable <sup>13</sup>C hyperpolarization using UV-induced labile radicals.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

High-channel-count neural recording and stimulation platform with 5,376 simultaneous recording channels.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Comparative Genomics Provide Insight Into the Evolution of European Aphanomyces euteiches Strains.

Genome biology and evolution·2026

Same author

Functional characterization of a CFEM domain-containing protein in the mycoparasitic fungus Clonostachys rosea reveals antimicrobial activity and a role in conidiation.

Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG·2026

Same author

Phenogenomics reveals the ecology and evolution of Trichoderma fungi for sustainable agriculture.

Nature microbiology·2026

Same journal

Denoising algorithm of Φ-OTDR systems based on adaptive fractional wavelet transform denoising.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Millisecond photon-to-photon latency and high-speed volumetric projection system for optogenetics.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Polarization-encoded coaxial structured light for high-precision 3D surface profilometry.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Discrete freeform optical design based on collaborative optimization of point cloud and local normals.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Ultrafast ghost imaging with 25 GHz speckle switching and wavelength-division multiplexing.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Atomic vapor cells fabricated by femtosecond laser welding of standard-optical-quality glass.

Optics express·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Published on: February 6, 2014

Power efficient subcarrier modulation for intensity modulated channels.

Johnny Karout¹, Erik Agrell, Magnus Karlsson

¹Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden. johnny.karout@chalmers.se

|August 20, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel hybrid modulation format offers superior power efficiency for optical intensity modulation. This new scheme outperforms traditional on-off keying and subcarrier quadrature phase-shift keying in thermal noise-limited systems.

More Related Videos

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Published on: February 6, 2014

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Area of Science:

Optical Communications
Signal Processing
Information Theory

Background:

Optical intensity modulation is crucial for data transmission.
Thermal noise limits performance in optical communication systems.
Existing modulation formats like OOK and QPSK have inherent power limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate novel modulation formats for improved power efficiency.
To compare a new hybrid modulation scheme against established formats.
To analyze performance under thermal noise limitations with ideal devices.

Main Methods:

Theoretical comparison of modulation formats.
Analysis under ideal device assumptions.
Evaluation at asymptotically high signal-to-noise ratios.

Main Results:

A new hybrid modulation format, combining OOK and PSK, demonstrates enhanced power efficiency.
This subcarrier modulation scheme offers a 1.2 dB electrical and 0.6 dB optical power gain over OOK.
Compared to subcarrier QPSK, the hybrid format provides a 3.0 dB electrical and 2.1 dB optical power gain.

Conclusions:

The newly developed hybrid modulation format is more power-efficient than OOK and subcarrier QPSK.
This finding is significant for optimizing power consumption in future optical communication systems.
The hybrid scheme represents a promising advancement in optical intensity modulation technology.