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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
Unit Cells01:18

Unit Cells

A crystal's internal structure is an orderly array of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the details of this array significantly influence the solid's properties. In a crystal, periodically repeating 'structural motifs' - which could be atoms, molecules, or groups thereof - create a 'space lattice.' This is essentially a three-dimensional, infinite array of points, each surrounded by its neighbors in an identical way, forming the basic structure of the crystal.A 'unit cell' is a theoretical...

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Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

Cations in control: crystal engineering polyoxometalate clusters using cation directed self-assembly.

Chullikkattil P Pradeep1, De-Liang Long, Leroy Cronin

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|August 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineering polyoxometalate (POM) clusters is challenging. Large organic cations act as "shrink-wrapping" agents, controlling POM cluster formation and crystallization for novel materials.

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Synthesizing polyoxometalate (POM) clusters with specific properties is difficult using traditional one-pot methods due to complex reaction pathways.
  • Charge-balancing cations play a critical role in POM assembly, influencing building block linkage and bulk material formation.
  • Cations are crucial for selective crystallization, potentially driving the formation of specific cluster types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline efforts in engineering novel POM-based materials.
  • To highlight the use of large organic cations as "shrink-wrapping" agents for isolating new POM clusters, frameworks, and cage compounds.
  • To investigate the hypothesis that cation-controlled crystallization influences POM cluster assembly mechanisms and equilibria.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing large organic cations as "shrink-wrapping" agents.
  • Employing selective crystallization strategies for POM synthesis.
  • Investigating the interplay between crystallization processes and molecular self-assembly.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the effectiveness of large organic cations in isolating novel POM clusters, frameworks, and cage compounds.
  • Provided evidence that cation control during crystallization can direct the formation of specific POM structures.
  • Highlighted the significant impact of crystallization on molecular-level self-assembly in POM systems.

Conclusions:

  • Cation-controlled crystallization is a powerful strategy for engineering novel POM materials.
  • The crystallization process itself may dictate the final molecular structure of POM clusters.
  • This research addresses the fundamental question of whether the cluster or the crystal forms first.