Operator shielding: how and why

Staff are exposed to potentially high levels of radiation exposure during interventional radiology procedures. Radiation protection shielding devices should be used to help maintain personnel exposures as low as reasonably achievable. Body protection tools include lead aprons, thyroid shields, radiation protection cabins, and floor- and table-mounted shields. Eye protection tools include leaded glasses, ceiling-mounted shields, and protective patient drapes. Hand protection tools include leaded surgical gloves and protective patient drapes. For the most part, these radiation protection tools provide substantial dose reduction for personnel, with several notable exceptions. Leaded glasses without lateral protection do not provide adequate protection to operators because they are typically exposed to scatter radiation from the side. Leaded surgical gloves are not useful for hand protection when hands are placed in the primary x-ray beam. Although other radiation protection tools are effective, they come with drawbacks, including staff physical discomfort and reduced procedure efficiency. As a result, further development of new protection devices is encouraged.