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Published on: February 9, 2021
Sodium restriction as initial conservative treatment for urinary stone disease
Seok Joong Yun1, Yun-Sok Ha, Won Tae Kim
1Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea.
The Journal of Urology
|August 21, 2010
Summary
High urinary sodium increases the risk of recurrent kidney stones by affecting stone-forming parameters. Reducing sodium intake is recommended as a first step for stone formers.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Urology
- Metabolic Medicine
Background:
- Sodium restriction is a common recommendation for preventing urinary stone recurrence.
- The precise impact of urinary sodium excretion on stone recurrence risk remains incompletely understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between urinary sodium levels, urinary metabolite excretion, and the risk of recurrent urinary stones in stone formers.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of urinary sodium and metabolic parameters in 798 stone formers without metabolic disorders.
- Correlation analysis adjusted for covariates, stratified by gender.
- Comparison of urinary parameters between patients with hypernatriuresis (≥220 mEq/day) and normal natriuresis.
- Kaplan-Meier analysis to assess cumulative stone recurrence incidence over a minimum 3-year follow-up.
Main Results:
- Urinary sodium significantly influenced urine volume, pH, calcium, uric acid, oxalate, and citrate in men, and volume, pH, calcium, uric acid, and citrate in women (p <0.05).
- Stone formers with hypernatriuresis had a higher recurrence rate (64.5%) compared to those with normal natriuresis (46.9%).
- Patients with hypernatriuresis experienced a significantly shorter time to stone recurrence (log rank test, p = 0.043).
Conclusions:
- Urinary sodium is a key factor influencing other stone-forming parameters and the risk of recurrent kidney stones.
- These findings support sodium restriction as an initial dietary intervention for individuals prone to urinary stone formation.
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