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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within the...
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
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Standardized Data Acquisition for Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Substantia Nigra
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Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex dysfunction in medication-naive schizophrenia.

Nicoletta M J van Veelen1, Matthijs Vink, Nick F Ramsey

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. nveelen@umcutrecht.nl

Schizophrenia Research
|August 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia is evident even in early stages, before medication. This study found reduced brain activity changes with practice in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of patients, linked to symptom severity.

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Standardized Data Acquisition for Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Substantia Nigra
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Published on: December 5, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Frontal lobe abnormalities are central to schizophrenia pathology.
  • Neuroimaging studies show abnormal frontal lobe function in schizophrenia patients.
  • The influence of medication on these functional abnormalities remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate frontal functioning in first-episode, medication-naive schizophrenia patients.
  • To determine if observed frontal dysfunction relates to schizophrenia symptomatology.
  • To assess the impact of practice on frontal lobe activation in early schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used.
  • Thirty medication-naive male patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 36 healthy controls performed a modified working memory task.
  • The task involved novel task (NT) and practiced task (PT) memory sets.

Main Results:

  • Schizophrenia patients exhibited reduced performance on both NT and PT compared to controls.
  • Practice improved performance in both groups, but the practice-related reduction in brain activation was significantly smaller in patients.
  • This reduced effect of practice was specifically observed in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and correlated with negative symptoms and disorganization.

Conclusions:

  • Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) function is deficient in the early stages of schizophrenia.
  • These DLPFC deficits are not attributable to antipsychotic medication.
  • Impaired neural plasticity, as indicated by the reduced effect of practice, may underlie early frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia.