Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
Anaphase A and B01:39

Anaphase A and B

Microtubules form through the end-to-end polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Kinetochore microtubules originate from the spindle poles, and their plus-ends connect with the kinetochores on sister-chromatids. Ndc80 protein complexes, present on the kinetochore, form low-affinity links with the plus end of these kinetochore microtubules.
Plus-end depolymerization releases tubulin heterodimers from the terminal region of the microtubule. As tubulin subunits are lost, the Ndc80 complexes detach...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
The Contractile Ring02:15

The Contractile Ring

Contractile rings are composed of microfilaments and are responsible for separating the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Contractile ring assembly proceeds along with other cell cycle events; however, very few mechanistic details are known about the timing and coordination of the contractile rings with the cell cycle.
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A toolkit for mapping cell identities in relation to neighbors reveals conserved patterning of neuromesodermal progenitor populations.

PLoS biology·2025
Same author

NOTCH1 S2513 is critical for the regulation of NICD levels impacting the segmentation clock in hiPSC-derived PSM cells and somitoids.

Genes & development·2025
Same author

Preclinical evaluation of an affinity-enhanced MAGE-A4-specific T-cell receptor for adoptive T-cell therapy.

Oncoimmunology·2020
Same author

Tuning T-Cell Receptor Affinity to Optimize Clinical Risk-Benefit When Targeting Alpha-Fetoprotein-Positive Liver Cancer.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)·2018
Same author

Myc activity is required for maintenance of the neuromesodermal progenitor signalling network and for segmentation clock gene oscillations in mouse.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2018
Same author

Bace1-dependent amyloid processing regulates hypothalamic leptin sensitivity in obese mice.

Scientific reports·2018
Same journal

Horizontal transfer of mitochondria in cancer: The physiology reborn in disease?

Trends in cell biology·2026
Same journal

Spindle errors: A stress test for epithelial robustness.

Trends in cell biology·2026
Same journal

Multicellular ecosystems: Linking cellular diversity to tissue function and disease.

Trends in cell biology·2026
Same journal

Orchestrating the signaling-bias at the protease-activated receptor, PAR1.

Trends in cell biology·2026
Same journal

Crashing by design: Utilizing DNA damage for MCC differentiation.

Trends in cell biology·2026
Same journal

The value of a shared lab: Our insights.

Trends in cell biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Generation of Dispersed Presomitic Mesoderm Cell Cultures for Imaging of the Zebrafish Segmentation Clock in Single Cells
10:41

Generation of Dispersed Presomitic Mesoderm Cell Cultures for Imaging of the Zebrafish Segmentation Clock in Single Cells

Published on: July 24, 2014

The segmentation clock mechanism moves up a notch.

Sarah Gibb1, Miguel Maroto, J Kim Dale

  • 1College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.

Trends in Cell Biology
|August 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The vertebrate segmentation clock, crucial for embryonic development, has revealed new molecular mechanisms controlling its pace. Research highlights the intricate interplay of Notch, Wnt, and Fgf pathways in regulating somite formation periodicity.

More Related Videos

Temporal Ordering of Dynamic Expression Data from Detailed Spatial Expression Maps
11:52

Temporal Ordering of Dynamic Expression Data from Detailed Spatial Expression Maps

Published on: February 9, 2017

A Microfluidics Approach for the Functional Investigation of Signaling Oscillations Governing Somitogenesis
08:06

A Microfluidics Approach for the Functional Investigation of Signaling Oscillations Governing Somitogenesis

Published on: March 19, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Generation of Dispersed Presomitic Mesoderm Cell Cultures for Imaging of the Zebrafish Segmentation Clock in Single Cells
10:41

Generation of Dispersed Presomitic Mesoderm Cell Cultures for Imaging of the Zebrafish Segmentation Clock in Single Cells

Published on: July 24, 2014

Temporal Ordering of Dynamic Expression Data from Detailed Spatial Expression Maps
11:52

Temporal Ordering of Dynamic Expression Data from Detailed Spatial Expression Maps

Published on: February 9, 2017

A Microfluidics Approach for the Functional Investigation of Signaling Oscillations Governing Somitogenesis
08:06

A Microfluidics Approach for the Functional Investigation of Signaling Oscillations Governing Somitogenesis

Published on: March 19, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The vertebrate segmentation clock controls the rhythmic formation of somites during embryonic development.
  • Notch, Wnt, and Fgf signaling pathways are implicated in the segmentation clock's molecular mechanism.
  • Understanding the precise roles and interactions of these pathways is a key research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the molecular mechanisms regulating the pace of the vertebrate segmentation clock.
  • To elucidate the interactions and hierarchy among Notch, Wnt, and Fgf pathways within the oscillator.
  • To synthesize current knowledge expanding the understanding of segmentation clock dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent publications.
  • Analysis of experimental data on signaling pathway interactions.
  • Comparative analysis of regulatory mechanisms across species.

Main Results:

  • Identification of novel molecular mechanisms governing the segmentation clock's oscillation speed.
  • Detailed characterization of the interplay between Notch, Wnt, and Fgf pathways.
  • New insights into the hierarchical regulation of somite formation periodicity.

Conclusions:

  • Recent advances have significantly improved our understanding of the segmentation clock's molecular regulation.
  • The identified mechanisms provide a basis for further research into developmental timing.
  • Interactions between key signaling pathways are critical for precise somite formation.