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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Fast Micro-iontophoresis of Glutamate and GABA: A Useful Tool to Investigate Synaptic Integration
Published on: July 31, 2013
Glutamatergic elements in an excitability and circumnutation mechanism
Maria Stolarz1, Elzbieta Król, Halina Dziubinska
1Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland. maria.stolarz@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl
Abstract:
In plants, an electrical potential and circumnutation disturbances are a part of a response to environmental and internal stimuli. Precise relations between electrical potential changes and circumnutation mechanisms are unclear. We have found recently that glutamate (Glu) injection into Helianthus annuus stem induced a series of action potentials (APs) and a transient decrease in circumnutation activity. A theoretical explanation for this finding is discussed here taking into considerations data about the ion mechanism of AP and circumnutation as well as about the metabolic and signaling pathways of glutamate and their possible interactions.
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