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Related Concept Videos

Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Isolation of CA1 Nuclear Enriched Fractions from Hippocampal Slices to Study Activity-dependent Nuclear Import of Synapto-nuclear Messenger Proteins
10:03

Isolation of CA1 Nuclear Enriched Fractions from Hippocampal Slices to Study Activity-dependent Nuclear Import of Synapto-nuclear Messenger Proteins

Published on: August 10, 2014

A long nuclear-retained non-coding RNA regulates synaptogenesis by modulating gene expression.

Delphine Bernard1, Kannanganattu V Prasanth, Vidisha Tripathi

  • 1Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire de la Synapse, Inserm 1024/CNRS 8197, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France.

The EMBO Journal
|August 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (Malat1) is a long non-coding RNA crucial for synapse formation. Malat1 regulates gene expression involved in synaptic plasticity and neuronal function.

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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

Published on: April 10, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Isolation of CA1 Nuclear Enriched Fractions from Hippocampal Slices to Study Activity-dependent Nuclear Import of Synapto-nuclear Messenger Proteins
10:03

Isolation of CA1 Nuclear Enriched Fractions from Hippocampal Slices to Study Activity-dependent Nuclear Import of Synapto-nuclear Messenger Proteins

Published on: August 10, 2014

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
09:36

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

Published on: April 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Long nuclear-retained non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly identified, but their functions remain largely unknown.
  • Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (Malat1) is a specific long ncRNA found in various tissues, notably abundant in neurons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of Malat1 RNA in cellular processes, particularly in neuronal function and synapse formation.
  • To elucidate the role of Malat1 in gene expression regulation and its impact on neuronal development.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of Malat1 RNA expression and localization within the nucleus.
  • Utilizing knock-down studies to assess Malat1's impact on pre-mRNA splicing factor recruitment.
  • Employing DNA microarray analysis in Malat1-depleted cells to identify affected gene expression pathways.
  • Experimental manipulation (knock-down and over-expression) of Malat1 in cultured hippocampal neurons to observe effects on synaptic density.

Main Results:

  • Malat1 RNA is enriched in nuclear speckles during active transcription and modulates the recruitment of SR family splicing factors.
  • Malat1 depletion affects the expression of genes involved in both nuclear processes and synapse function.
  • Reduced Malat1 levels in hippocampal neurons lead to decreased synaptic density.
  • Malat1 over-expression results in an increase in synaptic density in a cell-autonomous manner.

Conclusions:

  • Malat1 plays a significant role in regulating synapse formation and maintenance in neurons.
  • The function of Malat1 involves modulating the expression of genes critical for synaptic structure and function.
  • Malat1 represents a key regulatory ncRNA in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity.