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Opioid formulations designed to resist/deter abuse.

Robert B Raffa¹, Joseph V Pergolizzi

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA. robert.raffa@temple.edu

|August 25, 2010

Summary

New opioid formulations aim to deter abuse in chronic pain patients. While innovative, their effectiveness against resourceful individuals remains undetermined, requiring further study.

Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Pain Management
Drug Abuse Prevention

Background:

Opioid analgesics are prescribed for chronic pain, but abuse is a significant concern.
Abuse ranges from misuse to diversion for profit.
Innovative formulations are being developed to resist or deter abuse.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine novel opioid formulations designed to deter abuse.
To review clinical studies on the safety and effectiveness of these new products.

Main Methods:

Review of three abuse-deterrent opioid formulations: Embeda (extended-release morphine with sequestered naloxone), Remoxy (controlled-release oxycodone in a high-viscosity capsule), and Acurox with niacin (immediate-release oxycodone with subtherapeutic niacin).
Examination of the specific abuse-resistance mechanisms of each formulation.

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Analysis of reported clinical safety and effectiveness data.

Main Results:

Embeda utilizes sequestered naltrexone released upon tablet compromise.
Remoxy's capsule design resists needle extraction.
Acurox with niacin incorporates a gel-forming agent and niacin to deter inhalation/injection and excessive intake.

Conclusions:

These abuse-deterrent formulations represent important innovations in pain management.
Their ultimate effectiveness in preventing abuse by resourceful individuals is yet to be determined.
Further research is warranted to assess their role in clinical practice.