Cytopathological diagnosis of alveolar soft part sarcoma, a rare soft tissue neoplasm

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare soft tissue neoplasm, having various morphological mimics, especially on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Because no definite immunohistochemical markers are available to aid a correct diagnosis, knowledge of the cytomorphological features is essential for correct patient management. Cytological features of five cases of ASPS are discussed, along with the ultrastructural findings available in one of them.

Cytology records from 1997 to 2009 were reviewed for cases with a diagnosis of ASPS on cytology. The histology slides of the cases were also assessed for confirmation of the diagnosis. All the slides were reviewed by three pathologists.

There were five cases of ASPS diagnosed on FNAC. Their cytological features were noted in detail. The diagnoses in all the cases were confirmed on histology, and ultrastructural findings available in one of them were also assessed.

The knowledge of cytological features may aid in diagnosing this rare tumour correctly on FNA smears, thus enabling correct patient management.