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Related Concept Videos

Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Fluorescence Imaging with One-nanometer Accuracy (FIONA)
11:56

Fluorescence Imaging with One-nanometer Accuracy (FIONA)

Published on: September 26, 2014

Nonimaging reflectors for efficient uniform illumination.

J M Gordon, P Kashin, A Rabl

    Applied Optics
    |August 25, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    New nonimaging reflectors, based on compound parabolic concentrator principles, offer high lighting efficiency and uniform illumination for various light sources. These compact designs provide precise angular control and minimal reflective losses.

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    Conducting Multiple Imaging Modes with One Fluorescence Microscope
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    Conducting Multiple Imaging Modes with One Fluorescence Microscope

    Published on: October 28, 2018

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    Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

    Fluorescence Imaging with One-nanometer Accuracy (FIONA)
    11:56

    Fluorescence Imaging with One-nanometer Accuracy (FIONA)

    Published on: September 26, 2014

    Conducting Multiple Imaging Modes with One Fluorescence Microscope
    08:32

    Conducting Multiple Imaging Modes with One Fluorescence Microscope

    Published on: October 28, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Optical engineering
    • Illumination systems

    Background:

    • Nonimaging optics are crucial for efficient light distribution.
    • Compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs) are established for light concentration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose novel nonimaging reflectors for illumination applications.
    • To achieve maximal lighting efficiency with sharp angular control and uniform flux densities.

    Main Methods:

    • Extending CPC design principles to create trough-like reflectors in 2D.
    • Analyzing symmetrical configurations for flat and tubular light sources.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved high lighting efficiency and uniform flux densities on distant targets.
    • Demonstrated sharp angular control of radiation.
    • Obtained minimum-to-maximum intensity ratios of 0.7 for practical fields of view (30-60 degrees).
    • Devices are compact with low reflective losses.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed nonimaging reflectors are effective for illumination.
    • These designs offer a balance of efficiency, uniformity, and compactness.