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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Published on: April 22, 2015
Reported sensory processing of children with Down syndrome
Maryanne Bruni1, Debra Cameron, Shelly Dua
1Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics
|August 26, 2010
Summary
Nearly half of children with Down syndrome (DS) experience sensory processing issues. These challenges significantly impact daily functioning and occupational performance, requiring targeted support strategies.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Pediatrics
- Occupational Therapy
- Genetics
Background:
- Children with Down syndrome (DS) often exhibit developmental delays.
- Sensory processing differences are frequently observed but not fully characterized in this population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify parent-reported sensory processing issues in children with Down syndrome (DS) aged 3–10 years.
- To understand the functional impact of these sensory issues on daily life.
Main Methods:
- Parents of children with DS completed the Short Sensory Profile (SSP).
- A parent questionnaire (PQ) gathered information on functional impact and coping strategies.
Main Results:
- 49% of children with DS showed definite differences in sensory processing.
- The most affected areas included low energy/weak, underresponsive/seeking sensation, and auditory filtering.
- Parent responses highlighted significant impacts on occupational performance.
Conclusions:
- Sensory processing differences are prevalent in children with Down syndrome.
- These findings offer crucial insights for parents and healthcare providers.
- Further research is needed to build upon this foundational data.
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Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System
The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the stimulus...
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the stimulus...
Somatosensation
The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
Sensory Modalities
Sensation typically is the process by which the sensory receptors and sense organs detect stimuli from the internal and external environment and transmit this information to the central nervous system for processing.
General senses refer to the broad category of sensory information detected by receptors in the body and can be further grouped into somatic and visceral senses. Somatic sensations include touch, pressure, temperature, and pain and are essential for navigating our environment and...
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Parallel Processing
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
What is a Sensory System?
Sensory systems detect stimuli—such as light and sound waves—and transduce them into neural signals that can be interpreted by the nervous system. In addition to external stimuli detected by the senses, some sensory systems detect internal stimuli—such as the proprioceptors in muscles and tendons that send feedback about limb position.

