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Related Concept Videos

Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Microbial Phylogeny01:28

Microbial Phylogeny

Understanding the evolutionary relationships among microorganisms is fundamental to microbial ecology and taxonomy. Phylogenetic trees are essential tools for inferring these relationships, relying primarily on comparative analyses of molecular sequences such as DNA, RNA, or proteins. In microbial studies, these trees typically depict the evolutionary paths of diverse bacterial and archaeal species by mapping genetic differences accumulated over time.Phylogenetic trees are composed of tips,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics
09:40

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics

Published on: January 25, 2019

DRIMM-Synteny: decomposing genomes into evolutionary conserved segments.

Son K Pham1, Pavel A Pevzner

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. kspham@cs.ucsd.edu

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)
|August 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The DRIMM-Synteny algorithm identifies synteny blocks in multiple genomes, overcoming limitations of existing methods. This approach enables better reconstruction of ancestral genomes and analysis of genomic architecture in diverse species.

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Identifying synteny blocks is crucial for analyzing multiple and duplicated genomes.
  • Current algorithms struggle as the number of shared genes decreases with more genomes.
  • This limitation hinders large-scale comparative genomic studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel algorithm, DRIMM-Synteny, for efficient synteny block identification in multiple genomes.
  • To address the bottleneck caused by a decreasing number of shared genes across numerous genomes.
  • To enable comprehensive analysis of genomic architectures and evolutionary relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the Duplications and Rearrangements In Multiple Mammals (DRIMM)-Synteny algorithm.
  • Applied the algorithm to analyze genomic architectures in yeast, plant, and mammalian genomes.
  • Integrated synteny block generation with rearrangement analysis for ancestral genome reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • The DRIMM-Synteny algorithm effectively identifies synteny blocks even with limited shared genes.
  • Genomic architectures of yeast, plant, and mammalian genomes were analyzed.
  • Successfully reconstructed the ancestral preduplicated yeast genome by combining synteny and rearrangement data.

Conclusions:

  • DRIMM-Synteny provides a robust solution for synteny analysis in multiple, highly duplicated genomes.
  • The algorithm facilitates deeper insights into genome evolution and architecture across diverse taxa.
  • Enables accurate reconstruction of ancestral genomes, advancing evolutionary genomics research.