Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Females

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...

Infertility in Males

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...

In Vitro Fertilization

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...

Fertilization

Fertilization

During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Programmed cycle-induced endometrial perturbations do not independently influence angiogenic imbalance or hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

JCI insight·2026

Same author

Perceptions About the Relationship Between HIV, Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), and Fecundity in Sub-Saharan Africa: Findings from a Systematic Scoping Review.

AIDS and behavior·2026

Same author

Detection of actionable mutations in the cerebrospinal fluid and concordance/discordance with extracranial mutations in patients with metastatic breast cancer and leptomeningeal disease.

Therapeutic advances in medical oncology·2026

Same author

Data driven analysis of fertility optimization.

Fertility and sterility·2026

Same author

Ovarian reserve and endothelial health in healthy reproductive-age women.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026

Same author

Low anti-Mullerian hormone in reproductive age is associated with MASLD in midlife.

Hepatology communications·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

A changing perspective: improving access to fertility preservation.

Joseph M Letourneau¹, Michelle E Melisko, Marcelle I Cedars

¹Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, 94143, USA. joseph.letourneau@ucsf.edu

Nature Reviews. Clinical Oncology

|August 26, 2010

Summary

Young women diagnosed with cancer often face fertility loss due to treatment, impacting quality of life. Early awareness and fertility preservation options are crucial for reproductive potential.

More Related Videos

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

Published on: October 24, 2025

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Published on: March 25, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

Published on: October 24, 2025

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Published on: March 25, 2021

Area of Science:

Reproductive Endocrinology
Oncology
Cancer Survivorship

Background:

Cancer diagnosis in young women (approx. 120,000 annually in the USA) frequently necessitates treatments impacting fertility.
Limited patient awareness of fertility risks before commencing cancer treatment is a significant issue.
Post-treatment infertility presents a major quality of life challenge for cancer survivors.

Observation:

There is substantial variability in ovarian reserve among women of similar age, assessed via antral follicle count.
A personal account highlights the emotional and life-altering impact of unexpected infertility post-cancer treatment.

Findings:

Unified approaches between oncology and fertility specialists can enhance patient understanding of infertility risks.
Effective strategies exist to mitigate treatment-related infertility risks.
Fertility preservation options are available and depend on the timing of consultation.

Implications:

Increased clinician awareness regarding patients' desire for motherhood and individual reproductive potential is essential.
Proactive fertility consultations can empower young cancer patients with knowledge and options.
Integrating fertility preservation discussions into cancer care pathways improves long-term survivorship outcomes.