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Related Concept Videos

The Scientific Method01:32

The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves formulating a question based on observation, developing a testable potential explanation for the observation (called a hypothesis), making and testing predictions based on the hypothesis, and using the findings to create new hypotheses and predictions.Generally, predictions are tested using carefully-designed experiments. Based on the outcome of these...
The Scientific Method02:40

The Scientific Method

Research is what makes the difference between facts and opinions. Facts are observable realities, and opinions are personal judgments, conclusions, or attitudes that may or may not be accurate. In the scientific community, facts can be established only using evidence collected through empirical research.
The Scientific Method03:50

The Scientific Method

Chemistry is an empirical science. Scientists often pose questions to understand the chemistry in everyday life and seek answers to these questions. To achieve this, scientists follow a definitive series of steps that together make up the Scientific Method. This approach involves making observations, asking questions, building a hypothesis, conducting experiments, analyzing results, and forming a conclusion.
Free Energy01:21

Free Energy

Free energy—abbreviated as G for the scientist Gibbs who discovered it—is a measurement of useful energy that can be extracted from a reaction to do work. It is the energy in a chemical reaction that is available after entropy is accounted for. Reactions that take in energy are considered endergonic and reactions that release energy are exergonic. Plants carry out endergonic reactions by taking in sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Animals, in turn, break down the...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Reproducibility and Harmonization in Research Using Biological Standards: The Example of Platelet Agonist Collagen-Related Peptide
04:50

Reproducibility and Harmonization in Research Using Biological Standards: The Example of Platelet Agonist Collagen-Related Peptide

Published on: August 4, 2023

[Editorial independence and scientific publications].

J Matías-Guiu, R García-Ramos

    Neurologia (Barcelona, Spain)
    |August 27, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Editorial independence in scientific journals is debated, with recent resignations highlighting concerns. True independence requires transparent criteria and accountability, not a shield for personal bias.

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    Area of Science:

    • Bibliometrics and Scientific Publishing
    • Scholarly Communication Ethics

    Background:

    • Recent high-profile resignations of journal editors have ignited a debate surrounding editorial independence.
    • The core issue is whether editors possess unconditional freedom in approving journal content.

    Discussion:

    • This analysis examines cases questioning editorial independence and contrasting viewpoints.
    • It pits staunch defenders of independence against those advocating for institutional limitations.

    Key Insights:

    • Editors are accountable for their decisions, acting as both judges of submissions and subjects of scrutiny.
    • Editorial independence should not serve as a shield for personal biases or stances.
    • True independence is defined by meticulous manuscript review and the consistent application of transparent criteria.

    Outlook:

    • Establishing clear guidelines for editorial accountability is crucial for maintaining journal integrity.
    • Future discussions should focus on balancing editorial autonomy with institutional oversight and ethical standards.