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Sex differences in performance-matched marathon runners.

J Helgerud¹, F Ingjer, S B Strømme

¹Department of Sports, University of Trondheim, Dragvoll, Norway.

European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology

|January 1, 1990

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Performance-matched male and female marathon runners exhibit similar maximal aerobic power (VO2max) and anaerobic threshold. However, female runners demonstrate poorer running economy and higher physiological strain at submaximal speeds, despite undertaking greater weekly training volumes.

Area of Science:

Sports Science
Exercise Physiology
Human Performance

Background:

Understanding sex differences in marathon running performance is crucial for optimizing training and predicting outcomes.
Maximal aerobic power (VO2max), anaerobic threshold, and running economy are key physiological determinants of endurance performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate sex-based differences in VO2max, anaerobic threshold, running economy, VO2max utilization during marathon running, and training volume.
To compare physiological responses to submaximal running speeds between male and female marathon runners.

Main Methods:

Selection of 12 marathon runners (6 male, 6 female) matched for age and performance.
Assessment of VO2max, anaerobic threshold, and running economy at standardized submaximal speeds.

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Analysis of physiological strain indicators (heart rate, respiratory exchange ratio, blood lactate) and training logs.

Main Results:

No significant sex differences in VO2max or anaerobic threshold (as % of VO2max) were observed.
Females exhibited poorer running economy (higher oxygen uptake at submaximal speeds) and greater physiological strain.
Females reported nearly double the weekly running mileage compared to males.

Conclusions:

While physiological capacities like VO2max are similar, female marathon runners experience higher physiological strain at equivalent speeds due to poorer running economy.
Increased training volume in females may partially compensate for reduced running economy.
Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interplay of factors influencing sex differences in marathon performance.