Nosocomial diarrhoea in relation to sanitation state: a study in Tikrit, Iraq

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Infectious Diseases
• Hospital Epidemiology

Background:

• Nosocomial infections pose a significant threat to pediatric patient safety.
• Diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide.
• Understanding transmission routes in hospital settings is crucial for effective prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the prevalence of nosocomial diarrhea in children under 5 years old.
• To identify potential sources of microbial contamination within the hospital ward environment.
• To assess risk factors associated with nosocomial diarrhea in this population.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted.
• Data collected from 259 children under 5 years of age.
• Environmental and microbiological sampling of ward surfaces, food, and staff hands.

Main Results:

• The prevalence of nosocomial diarrhea was 32.4% (84 children).
• Risk factors included bottle-feeding, unboiled water, unclean containers, and contaminated bed sheets.
• Contamination found in unopened formula milk (60%) and staff hands (75%).
• Commonly identified microorganisms included Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Citrobacter spp.

Conclusions:

• Nosocomial diarrhea is highly prevalent in the studied pediatric population.
• Inadequate hygiene practices and environmental contamination are significant contributing factors.
• Recommendations include enhanced personal hygiene, improved patient care, and promotion of breastfeeding.