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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy
03:25

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy

Published on: June 16, 2022

Overactive bladder after sling surgery.

Kamran P Sajadi1, Sandip P Vasavada

  • 1Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.

Current Urology Reports
|August 31, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Midurethral sling surgery for stress urinary incontinence can lead to overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms in 5-25% of women. Prompt recognition and management of complications or idiopathic OAB are crucial for patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Gynecology
  • Female Pelvic Medicine

Background:

  • Midurethral sling surgery is the gold standard for stress urinary incontinence.
  • Overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms (urgency, frequency, nocturia) are common preoperatively.
  • Post-sling surgery, 5-25% of women experience persistent, worsening, or new-onset OAB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and management of OAB after midurethral sling surgery.
  • To identify factors predicting OAB development post-surgery.
  • To discuss treatment options for refractory OAB post-sling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of OAB following midurethral sling procedures.
  • Analysis of preoperative and surgical factors associated with OAB.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy
03:25

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy

Published on: June 16, 2022

  • Evaluation of treatment strategies for postoperative OAB.

    • Main Results:

    • Recognizable complications like UTI, foreign body, or obstruction can cause OAB.
    • Idiopathic OAB post-sling is complex to diagnose and manage.
    • Preoperative factors and sling choice may predict OAB development.

    Conclusions:

    • OAB is a significant concern after midurethral sling surgery.
    • Distinguishing complications from idiopathic OAB is key.
    • Sling incision, neuromodulation, and botulinum toxin are options for refractory cases.