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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Urinary System01:13

Introduction to Urinary System

The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption01:25

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption

Tubular reabsorption, a process occurring post-glomerular filtration of drugs in the renal tubule, is a critical determinant of drug half-life. During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. This...
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion01:28

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion

Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...
Renal Drug Excretion: Overview01:15

Renal Drug Excretion: Overview

As primary excretory organs, the kidneys maintain homeostasis by removing waste substances from the bloodstream. They comprise over a million units called nephrons, which serve as the kidney's functional units.
A nephron consists of two primary structures: the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule. The renal corpuscle contains the glomerulus, a network of capillaries where the first step of renal excretion, glomerular filtration, occurs. Blood pressure forces water, ions, and small molecules out...
Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Metabolic reactions in the body produce nonvolatile acids, such as sulfuric acid, which generate an acid load of approximately 1 mEq of H+ per kilogram of body weight daily. Excreting H+ in the urine is essential to balance this acid load.
In the kidneys, cells within the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions (H+) into the tubular fluid. Specifically, in the PCT, Na+/H+ antiporters secrete H+ while reabsorbing Na+.
However, the intercalated cells in...
Physiology of the Genitourinary System I: Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration01:29

Physiology of the Genitourinary System I: Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration

The kidneys are vital organs responsible for regulating blood filtration, waste excretion, and fluid balance, all of which are crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Renal physiology examines renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and urine formation, ensuring the body’s internal environment remains stable.Renal Blood FlowThe kidneys receive about 20-25% of the cardiac output, typically around 1200 mL of blood per minute in an average adult. Blood flows into the kidneys through the renal...

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Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors
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Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors

Published on: June 7, 2016

Taurine and the renal system.

Russell W Chesney1, Xiaobin Han, Andrea B Patters

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, and the Children's Foundation Research Center at Le Bonheur Children's Medical Center, 50 N, Dunlap, Memphis, Tennessee 38103, USA. rchesney@uthsc.edu

Journal of Biomedical Science
|September 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The kidney plays a vital role in taurine homeostasis and body pool regulation. This review explores taurine

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Transcutaneous Assessment of Renal Function in Conscious Rodents
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Transcutaneous Assessment of Renal Function in Conscious Rodents

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Taurine is involved in numerous physiological and biological processes within the kidney.
  • Urinary excretion patterns often reflect the kidney's involvement with taurine.
  • The kidney is central to maintaining taurine body pool size and homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex interactions between the kidney and taurine.
  • To examine taurine's roles in renal function, injury, and disease.
  • To describe the kidney's role in adapting to dietary taurine intake and regulating taurine levels.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of renal-taurine interactions.
  • Analysis of taurine's role in ion reabsorption, blood flow, and endothelial function.
  • Examination of taurine's antioxidant, osmolyte, cell cycle, and apoptosis functions in the kidney.

Main Results:

  • Taurine influences ion reabsorption and renal vascular function.
  • It exhibits antioxidant properties, particularly in the glomerulus.
  • Taurine is crucial in managing ischemia-reperfusion injury, cell cycle, apoptosis, and stress responses.

Conclusions:

  • The kidney is a key regulator of taurine homeostasis.
  • Taurine offers protective functions against various kidney diseases.
  • Understanding renal-taurine interactions is essential for kidney health and disease management.