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Related Concept Videos

Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400 keV in...
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The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

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To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...

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Miniaturized Sample Preparation for Transmission Electron Microscopy
09:04

Miniaturized Sample Preparation for Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 27, 2018

Microfluidic system for transmission electron microscopy.

Elisabeth A Ring1, Niels de Jonge

  • 1Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Ave, Nashville, TN 37232-0615, USA.

Microscopy and Microanalysis : the Official Journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada
|September 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel microfluidic system enables liquid flow for scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) imaging. This system allows rapid liquid exchange for studying specimen responses to stimuli.

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

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Studying Dynamic Processes of Nano-sized Objects in Liquid using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: February 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Electron Microscopy
  • Microfluidics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Maintaining liquid flow within an electron microscope presents significant technical challenges.
  • Existing methods often lack the precision or speed required for dynamic studies.
  • In-situ liquid phase imaging requires specialized sample environments to bridge the vacuum and liquid interface.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a microfluidic system for sustained liquid flow during scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) imaging.
  • To enable real-time observation of dynamic processes in liquid environments.
  • To provide a platform for investigating specimen responses to stimuli in a controlled liquid environment.

Main Methods:

  • A microfluidic chip with ultrathin silicon nitride windows was designed and integrated into a specimen holder.
  • The system was connected to a syringe pump for controlled liquid delivery and exchange.
  • Flow dynamics were characterized using fluorescence microscopy of microspheres.
  • Gold nanoparticles were imaged using a 200 kV STEM to validate flow measurements.

Main Results:

  • The microfluidic system successfully maintained liquid flow within the specimen chamber for STEM imaging.
  • A calibrated equation accurately described the liquid flow characteristics.
  • STEM imaging of gold nanoparticles demonstrated agreement between experimental flow speeds and calculated values within an order of magnitude.
  • The system facilitated rapid liquid exchange (within one minute).

Conclusions:

  • The developed microfluidic system is effective for in-situ liquid phase STEM imaging.
  • The system's rapid liquid exchange capability opens possibilities for studying dynamic biological and material processes.
  • Potential applications include observing cellular responses to stimuli and characterizing nanoparticle behavior in liquid.