Fathers' perspectives on parenting a child with a craniofacial anomaly
Tovah P Klein1, Alice W Pope, Erlene Tan
1Department of Psychology, Barnard College, New York, NY, USA.
Introduction:
Although research on healthy children indicates that fathers exert specific and beneficial influences on children's development, there is little research on fathers of children with chronic medical challenges, and none on fathers of children with craniofacial anomalies (CFA). This exploratory study aimed to obtain preliminary information about fathers' experiences of parenting a child with CFA.
Method:
Structured telephone interviews were conducted with a volunteer sample of nine fathers of children with CFA. Interviews were summarized using percentages of responses for questions using a rating-scale format, and with excerpts of narratives from open-ended questions.
Results:
Most fathers (90%) felt highly optimistic about their children's potential for happiness and life success, although a smaller percentage also expressed worry (21% a lot; 33% some) and concern (11% a lot; 44% some). All fathers described positive attributes in their children. Fathers tended to support their children's peer relationships through encouraging and organizing activities with friends.
Discussion:
Fathers' focus on children's effective engagement in the world is consistent with findings on fathering of healthy children. Findings provide hypotheses for future research on fathers' role in the positive development of children with CFA.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Sutures of the Skull
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
01:28Relationship with Parents: Attachment
01:14Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
01:27Cranial Bones: Lateral View
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
01:27Parenting Styles
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative Parenting
This...
01:23Influence of Parents and Peers on Identity
Parental Influence on Identity Development
Parents serve as primary guides and managers in an adolescent's life, offering support instrumental in decision-making and personal growth. This guiding role...