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Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
Toxicokinetics: Overview01:21

Toxicokinetics: Overview

Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...
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Drug Discovery: Overview

Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
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Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...

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Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation
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Collaborative development of predictive toxicology applications.

Barry Hardy1, Nicki Douglas, Christoph Helma

  • 1Douglas Connect, Baermeggenweg 14, 4314 Zeiningen, Switzerland. barry.hardy@douglasconnect.com.

Journal of Cheminformatics
|September 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

OpenTox offers an interoperable framework for predictive toxicology, supporting chemical safety assessments and regulatory compliance. This platform integrates data, models, and reporting tools for diverse user needs.

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Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation

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Area of Science:

  • * Cheminformatics and Computational Toxicology
  • * Regulatory Science and Chemical Safety Assessment

Background:

  • * Predictive toxicology requires robust data management, modeling, and validation.
  • * Existing systems often lack interoperability, hindering efficient chemical safety assessment.
  • * Regulatory frameworks like REACH necessitate reliable toxicological data and predictive models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To present the OpenTox framework as a standards-based, interoperable solution for predictive toxicology.
  • * To demonstrate how OpenTox supports chemical safety assessment requirements, including REACH.
  • * To showcase the framework's extensibility and application in developing predictive toxicology tools.

Main Methods:

  • * Development of a standards-based framework with defined APIs and web services.
  • * Integration of data access, management, controlled vocabularies, and ontologies.
  • * Implementation of Open Source principles and community collaboration for interoperability.
  • * Creation of end-user tools and APIs for diverse user groups.

Main Results:

  • * OpenTox provides a unified platform for managing toxicology data, models, and reporting.
  • * The framework facilitates access to experimental data and (Quantitative) Structure-Activity Relationship ((Q)SAR) models.
  • * Two applications, ToxPredict and ToxCreate, illustrate the framework's utility for REACH-relevant endpoints.
  • * Interoperability barriers are reduced, enabling dependable and time-effective data and model combination.

Conclusions:

  • * The OpenTox framework enhances the quality and consistency of predictive toxicology modeling.
  • * It effectively supports regulatory requirements for chemical safety assessment.
  • * OpenTox promotes interoperability and collaboration in the field of toxicology.