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Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

TBase - an Integrated Electronic Health Record and Research Database for Kidney Transplant Recipients

TBase - an Integrated Electronic Health Record and Research Database for Kidney Transplant Recipients

Published on: April 13, 2021

Gene polymorphisms in renal transplantation.

Monica Grafals¹, Leila Kamal, Daniel Chung

¹Division of Transplantation, Lahey Clinic, Tufts University, Burlington, MA 01805, USA. Monica.Grafals@Lahey.org

Seminars in Nephrology

|September 3, 2010

Summary

Gene variations impact long-term kidney transplant success. This review examines how genetic polymorphisms in key systems influence chronic allograft dysfunction, offering insights for improved patient outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

TBase - an Integrated Electronic Health Record and Research Database for Kidney Transplant Recipients

TBase - an Integrated Electronic Health Record and Research Database for Kidney Transplant Recipients

Published on: April 13, 2021

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Immunogenetics
Transplantation Science

Background:

Short-term outcomes like acute rejection dominate renal transplant gene polymorphism research.
Long-term graft function remains a critical challenge in kidney transplantation.
Understanding genetic influences on chronic allograft dysfunction is essential for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

To review existing literature on gene polymorphisms associated with long-term renal allograft function.
To investigate the role of specific gene polymorphisms in chronic renal allograft dysfunction.
To synthesize current knowledge on genetic factors affecting graft survival and function.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature search of studies investigating gene polymorphisms and renal transplantation outcomes.
Focus on genes within the renin-angiotensin system, transforming growth factor-beta, and metalloproteinases.
Analysis of associations with the incidence and progression of chronic renal allograft dysfunction.

Main Results:

Gene polymorphisms in renin-angiotensin system, TGF-β, and metalloproteinases are linked to chronic renal allograft dysfunction.
Specific genetic variations may influence the rate of decline in kidney allograft function.
Evidence suggests a role for these genetic factors in long-term graft survival.

Conclusions:

Gene polymorphisms play a significant role in the long-term success of renal transplantation.
Targeting specific genetic pathways may offer novel strategies for preventing chronic allograft dysfunction.
Further research into genetic associations can personalize transplant care and improve long-term outcomes.