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Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...

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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Tree Core Analysis with X-ray Computed Tomography
06:56

Tree Core Analysis with X-ray Computed Tomography

Published on: September 22, 2023

Quantitative x-ray dark-field computed tomography.

M Bech1, O Bunk, T Donath

  • 1Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany. martin.bech@tum.de

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|September 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New grating-based x-ray imaging techniques utilize wave optics for enhanced contrast. This study introduces a mathematical framework for quantitative dark-field computed tomography (QDFCT), enabling advanced medical imaging.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Wave Optics

Background:

  • Conventional radiology relies on x-ray attenuation for contrast, using ray optics.
  • Phase-contrast and coherent scatter imaging offer complementary approaches using wave optics.
  • X-ray optical gratings enable advanced phase-contrast and dark-field imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a mathematical formalism for grating-based dark-field imaging.
  • To define a material-dependent parameter, the linear diffusion coefficient.
  • To enable quantitative dark-field computed tomography (QDFCT).

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel mathematical formalism.
  • Introduction of the linear diffusion coefficient parameter.
  • Application to grating-based dark-field imaging.

Main Results:

  • A quantitative assessment of grating-based dark-field imaging potential.
  • Successful generation of QDFCT images of experimental test phantoms.
  • Demonstration of a new approach to x-ray image formation.

Conclusions:

  • Grating-based dark-field imaging offers significant potential for medical imaging and non-destructive testing.
  • The introduced formalism and parameter facilitate quantitative analysis.
  • QDFCT represents an advancement in x-ray imaging capabilities.