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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
Bacteriophages of the Human Virome01:23

Bacteriophages of the Human Virome

Bacteriophages are found throughout the human body. They may even outnumber eukaryotic viruses, forming an important and dynamic component of the human virome. Indeed, phages represent the most abundant viral entities, with densities in the gut reaching up to 10⁹ particles per gram of fecal matter, and many belonging to orders such as Caudovirales and Microviridae, while a substantial proportion remains unclassified as viral “dark matter.”Lysogeny and Genetic ExchangeIn the gut, bacteriophages...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...

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An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
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An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

[Human metapneumovirus].

Eva Stepánová1, Pavel Zák, Vlasta Stepánová

  • 12nd Department of Medicine, Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. stepaeva@fnhk.cz

Klinicka Mikrobiologie a Infekcni Lekarstvi
|September 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Respiratory viral infections pose serious risks for immunocompromised patients, particularly after stem cell transplants. Human metapneumovirus may be a key cause of unexplained pneumonia in these vulnerable individuals.

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Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
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An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
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Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
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Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: June 28, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Medicine

Context:

  • Immunosuppressive therapy is crucial for transplant recipients to prevent graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease.
  • This necessary immunosuppression significantly increases the risk and severity of infections.
  • Respiratory viral infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in transplant populations.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the significant threat of respiratory viral infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients.
  • To identify potential etiological agents contributing to idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) post-HSCT.
  • To underscore the diagnostic challenges and the need for identifying novel pathogens like human metapneumovirus.

Summary:

  • Respiratory viral infections represent a major complication for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients.
  • Despite advanced diagnostics, a substantial proportion of pneumonia cases in HSCT patients remain idiopathic.
  • Human metapneumovirus is emerging as a potential causative agent for idiopathic pneumonia syndrome in HSCT recipients.

Impact:

  • Improved understanding of viral etiologies in post-transplant pneumonia.
  • Potential for earlier diagnosis and targeted treatment of respiratory infections in HSCT patients.
  • Enhanced strategies for managing infections and improving outcomes in immunocompromised individuals.