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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

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Diet plays a supportive role in managing thyroid disorders - but a critical one!

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Levothyroxine for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis: It Is the Prime Time for Randomized Controlled Trials.

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The caprices of a trace element: selenium's considerable effects on Hashimoto's thyroiditis, though few on Graves' disease.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
05:41

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

Selenium and the thyroid: a close-knit connection.

Leonidas H Duntas1

  • 1Endocrine Unit, Evgenidion Hospital, University of Athens, 20 Papadiamantopoulou Street 115 28 Athens, Greece. ledunt@otenet.gr

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|September 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Selenium supplementation shows potential for improving thyroid autoimmune disease by reducing antibodies and enhancing ultrasound echostructure. Optimal intake, or selenostasis, is crucial for thyroid health and disease prevention.

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In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
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In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
05:41

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
04:14

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Selenium is an essential trace element incorporated into deiodinases, confirming its critical role in thyroid function.
  • The thyroid gland has the highest concentration of selenium, and deficiency exacerbates thyroid diseases like endemic myxedematous cretinism and autoimmune thyroid disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the evidence supporting selenium supplementation in managing autoimmune thyroid disease.
  • To analyze the effectiveness of selenium in reducing thyroid antibodies and improving thyroid ultrasound characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of clinical reports, biochemical articles, and interventional studies (randomized controlled trials, observational studies) on selenium and thyroid health.
  • Analysis of methodological variations and diverse outcomes from selenium supplementation trials in autoimmune thyroid disease.

Main Results:

  • Selenium supplementation demonstrates potential in reducing antithyroid peroxidase antibody titers and improving thyroid echostructure in ultrasound examinations.
  • Significant discrepancies exist regarding optimal patient selection, treatment benefits, the influence of baseline antibody levels, and disease duration on treatment outcomes, necessitating further research.

Conclusions:

  • Maintaining optimal selenium intake, termed 'selenostasis,' supports general health and significantly contributes to preventing thyroid diseases.
  • Further in-depth studies are required to elucidate selenium's mechanism of action and determine optimal supplementation or dietary strategies for thyroid health.