Bioprinting by laser-induced forward transfer for tissue engineering applications: jet formation modeling

Area of Science:

• Laser-based material processing
• Microfabrication techniques
• Fluid dynamics and heat transfer

Background:

• The nanosecond Laser-Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) process is crucial for precise material deposition.
• Understanding the underlying physics of LIFT is essential for optimizing its application.
• Existing models often lack the fidelity to capture complex phenomena during LIFT.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively analyze the nanosecond LIFT process through experimental validation and advanced modeling.
• To investigate the physical mechanisms governing jet formation and rear-surface deformation.
• To establish the necessity of a coupled modeling approach for accurate LIFT simulation.

Main Methods:

• Experimental investigation of the nanosecond LIFT process.
• Comparison of experimental data with physical analysis (energy balance, jump relations, pocket dynamics).
• Development and application of a self-consistent 2D axisymmetric computational model.

Main Results:

• Experimental data on jet diameter and velocity were successfully reproduced by the model.
• The model described mechanisms of rear-surface deformation and jet formation, including shock and expansion waves.
• The LIFT process is primarily driven by hydrodynamic and thermal transfer phenomena.

Conclusions:

• A coupled modeling approach, integrating laser energy deposition, thermal conduction, and material-specific models, is required for accurate LIFT simulation.
• Hydrodynamic and thermal processes are fundamental to the LIFT mechanism.
• The developed modeling strategy provides valuable insights into LIFT dynamics.