Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion

Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion

Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which emphasizes the interplay between physiological arousal and cognitive labeling in forming emotional experiences. This theory suggests that emotions are not simply a result of physiological responses but rather a combination of these responses and the individual's cognitive interpretation of them.
Physiological Arousal and Cognitive Labeling
According to this theory, when an individual experiences physiological...

Physiology of Emotion

Physiology of Emotion

The physiology of emotions is a multifaceted process involving the autonomic nervous system, brain structures, hormones, and neurotransmitters. This intricate interplay dictates how emotions manifest in the body and influence behavior.
Autonomic Nervous System
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a critical role in emotional responses by regulating involuntary physiological functions. It consists of two main components: the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic system...

Physiological Theories: Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

Physiological Theories: Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, proposed by Walter Cannon and Philip Bard, challenges the notion that emotions are solely the result of physiological responses. Instead, this theory suggests that emotional experiences and physiological arousal occur simultaneously but operate through independent mechanisms. This dual response is initiated by the brain, specifically by the thalamus, which plays a critical role in processing sensory information.
Upon perceiving a stimulus, such as a dangerous...

Physiological Theories: James-Lange Theory of Emotion

Physiological Theories: James-Lange Theory of Emotion

The James-Lange theory of emotion, proposed by William James and Carl Lange in the late 19th century, asserts that emotions are the result of physiological reactions to external stimuli. Contrary to the traditional view, which suggests that emotions directly arise from the perception of stimuli, this theory proposes that emotions occur as a consequence of the body's responses to such stimuli. According to this framework, an emotional experience is a cognitive interpretation of physiological...

Role of Amygdala in Memory

Role of Amygdala in Memory

The amygdala is a small, almond-shaped structure responsible for processing and storing memories, particularly those linked to emotions like fear and stress. It plays an essential role in the brain's response to emotionally significant events and often enhances memory formation by triggering stress hormone release. The amygdala is vital for encoding and retrieving memories associated with fear or stress, a process that is adaptive by helping organisms avoid dangerous situations.
One of the...

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Neural and behavioral correlates of proactive and reactive control in major depression: A study with functional magnetic resonance imaging and eye-tracking.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026

Same author

Proactive Control of Emotional Information in Adult ADHD.

Journal of cognition·2026

Same author

HF-rTMS Over the Left and Right DLPFC Enhances Proactive Cognitive Control: An Antisaccade and Pupillometry Study.

Psychophysiology·2026

Same author

Correction: The cardiac, vasomotor and myocardial branches of the baroreflex in hypotension: indications of reduced venous return to the heart.

Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society·2025

Same author

Pain Sensitization and Descending Pain Inhibition in Fibromyalgia.

The Clinical journal of pain·2025

Same author

Habitual Worry, Cognitive Control, and Heart Rate Variability in Adult ADHD.

Psychophysiology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

Implicit memory for emotional words is modulated by cardiac perception.

Natalie S Werner¹, Isabella Peres, Stefan Duschek

¹Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Leopoldstr. 13, 80802 Munich, Germany. werner@psy.lmu.de

Biological Psychology

|September 4, 2010

Summary

Individuals who better sense their heart activity (cardiac perception) show enhanced implicit memory for emotional words. This suggests visceral feedback significantly influences cognitive processing and memory recall.

More Related Videos

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Psychophysiology

Background:

Viscero-sensory feedback, the perception of internal bodily states, is increasingly recognized for its role in cognition.
Damasio's somatic marker hypothesis posits that bodily signals influence decision-making and cognitive processes.
The specific impact of cardiac perception on implicit memory remains an area requiring further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of individual differences in cardiac perception on implicit memory performance.
To examine whether visceral feedback modulates the recall of emotional and neutral word stimuli.
To explore the relationship between cardiac perception, physiological responses during encoding, and memory accuracy.

Main Methods:

Participants were categorized into good and poor cardiac perception groups based on their ability to sense heartbeats.
Emotional (positive, negative) and neutral words were presented during an encoding phase, with heart rate and skin conductance monitored.
Implicit memory was assessed using a wordstem completion task after a distractor period.

Main Results:

Participants with good cardiac perception demonstrated significantly higher accuracy in completing wordstems of previously presented positive and negative words.
No significant group differences were observed for the completion of neutral wordstems.
Physiological measures (heart rate, skin conductance) during the encoding phase did not differ between groups.

Conclusions:

Individual differences in visceral feedback, specifically cardiac perception, play a significant role in implicit memory, particularly for emotional content.
These findings support the somatic marker hypothesis by demonstrating that awareness of bodily states can facilitate cognitive processing.
The study highlights the importance of interoception in shaping memory and cognitive functions.