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Related Concept Videos

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's criteria,...
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology01:18

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology

Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs, impairing gas exchange and oxygen delivery. It may be cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, but both reduce oxygenation and lung compliance.Cardiogenic Pulmonary EdemaCardiogenic edema results from increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries, usually due to left ventricular dysfunction from myocardial infarction, heart failure, or valvular disease. Ineffective cardiac pumping causes blood to...
Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management01:28

Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management

Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...

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Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition
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Pleural effusions in children undergoing cardiac surgery.

Sachin Talwar1, Sandeep Agarwala, Chander Mohan Mittal

  • 1Cardiothoracic Center and Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Annals of Pediatric Cardiology
|September 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Persistent pleural effusions after congenital heart surgery cause significant illness and death. This review covers the causes, mechanisms, and treatments for this frequent complication.

Keywords:
Chylothoraxopen heart surgerypleural effusion

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Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion
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Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

Published on: November 10, 2023

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

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Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion
03:22

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

Published on: November 10, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Persistent pleural effusions are a serious complication following congenital heart disease (CHD) surgery.
  • These effusions contribute to increased patient morbidity and mortality rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiology, pathophysiology, and management of persistent pleural effusions after CHD surgery.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview for clinicians managing this complication.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on persistent pleural effusions in congenital heart disease surgery.
  • Synthesis of information regarding causes, mechanisms, and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Etiology is multifactorial, involving inflammatory responses, lymphatic dysfunction, and fluid overload.
  • Pathophysiology includes impaired pleural fluid reabsorption and persistent inflammation.
  • Management strategies range from conservative measures to surgical interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management requires a thorough understanding of the underlying causes and pathophysiology.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches are often necessary for optimal patient outcomes.