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Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics01:19

Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics

Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...

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A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration
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Published on: January 22, 2016

Anesthesia for pediatric deep brain stimulation.

Joseph Sebeo1, Stacie G Deiner, Ron L Alterman

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Anesthesiology Research and Practice
|September 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) anesthesia for pediatric dystonia uses dexmedetomidine and propofol. This study reviewed 28 cases to analyze anesthetic complications, focusing on airway and cardiovascular issues.

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Intra-Operative Behavioral Tasks in Awake Humans Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Pediatric Surgery

Background:

  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a key treatment for medically refractory movement disorders like Parkinson's disease.
  • DBS is also utilized in pediatric patients to manage epileptogenic foci.
  • Dystonia management in children often necessitates advanced neurosurgical interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine and propofol-based anesthesia for pediatric deep brain stimulation surgery.
  • To identify and analyze anesthetic-related complications in pediatric patients undergoing DBS implantation for dystonia.
  • To provide insights into optimizing anesthetic management for this specific pediatric neurosurgical procedure.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of anesthesia records.
  • Analysis of 28 pediatric cases undergoing deep brain stimulation implantation for dystonia.
  • Detailed examination of anesthetic techniques, specifically combinations of dexmedetomidine and propofol.
  • Categorization and analysis of intraoperative airway and cardiovascular complications.

Main Results:

  • Dexmedetomidine and propofol combinations were employed in pediatric DBS for dystonia.
  • Anesthetic records were reviewed for 28 pediatric patients.
  • Complications related to airway management and cardiovascular stability were documented and analyzed.

Conclusions:

  • Anesthetic management for pediatric deep brain stimulation surgery requires careful consideration of potential complications.
  • Dexmedetomidine and propofol combinations present a specific anesthetic approach for pediatric dystonia DBS.
  • Further research can refine anesthetic protocols to minimize risks in pediatric neurosurgery.