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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Smooth Muscles01:23

Functions of Smooth Muscles

Smooth muscles are an important type of muscle tissue that plays a vital role in the involuntary movements of internal organs. For example, they help regulate the movement of food through the gut and the flow of blood through the circulatory system.
Function of visceral smooth muscles
Visceral smooth muscle is found in the walls of all hollow organs, except the heart, and is a key player in the involuntary movements that drive the functioning of these internal organs. This tissue is arranged in...
The Hyoid Bone01:12

The Hyoid Bone

The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
Larynx01:21

Larynx

The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids, corniculates, and...
Structure and Organization of Smooth Muscles01:13

Structure and Organization of Smooth Muscles

Smooth muscle tissue is a type of muscle tissue that can be found lining various vital organs in the human body, including the lungs, blood vessels, digestive tract, and respiratory tract. This type of tissue is responsible for regulating the movements of these organs, playing crucial roles in the functioning of various systems, including the vascular, digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems.
Structure of smooth muscle cell
Smooth muscle cells are spindle-shaped with tapering ends and a...
Tongue01:01

Tongue

The human tongue is a fascinating and complex organ, responsible for various essential functions such as swallowing, speech, and taste. It is also subject to various conditions and diseases. In this article, we delve into the anatomy of the tongue, its roles, and some common conditions that can affect it.
Anatomical Position in the Oral Cavity
The tongue is located within the oral cavity, also known as the mouth. It is attached to the floor of the mouth by a fold of mucous membrane called the...
Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles01:13

Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles

Skeletal muscle cells, also called muscle fibers, are distinctly elongated, multi-nucleated, slender biological units. They are packed with specialized structures designed to facilitate their primary function, which is contraction.
The muscle sarcolemma is a plasma membrane enclosing each muscle cell that conducts electrical signals called action potentials. The sarcolemma extends into the cell to form T-tubules, ensuring the neural impulses are uniformly distributed across the entire muscle...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Preparation of the Rat Vocal Fold for Neuromuscular Analyses
07:17

Preparation of the Rat Vocal Fold for Neuromuscular Analyses

Published on: May 15, 2020

Histology and function: analyzing the uvular muscle.

Constantin A Landes, Frank Weichert, Thomas Steinbauer

    The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association
    |September 7, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study precisely mapped the embryonic and fetal uvular muscle (MU), crucial for virtual surgery and patient models. Findings detail MU

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    Area of Science:

    • Anatomy
    • Embryology
    • Surgical anatomy

    Background:

    • Accurate anatomical data is essential for virtual surgical simulations and patient-specific models.
    • The detailed structure of the uvular muscle (MU) in embryonic and fetal stages is not well-documented.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide precise anatomical descriptions of the embryonic and fetal uvular muscle (MU).
    • To generate quantitative data for clinical applications, virtual surgery, and virtual patient generation.

    Main Methods:

    • Three-dimensional reconstruction of serially sectioned viscerocrania from 10 human embryos and fetuses.
    • Finite element analysis was performed on the reconstructed anatomical data.

    Main Results:

    • The uvular muscle (MU) was paired in 80% of specimens; 20% showed no clear distinction.
    • MU fibers exhibited complex insertions into the palatopharyngeus muscle and varied nasal/oral positioning within the uvula.
    • Finite element simulations did not reveal distinct patterns of local stress within the uvula.

    Conclusions:

    • The anatomical findings support the concept of uvular muscle (MU) repositioning in corrective surgery.
    • The impact of MU repositioning on levator muscle function appears minor.
    • Future models should incorporate surrounding structures for accurate simulation of surgical maneuvers.