Endovascular management of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas

Classification, pathophysiology, and endovascular treatment of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas are discussed. Risk for neurologic deterioration is based on the presence and extent of cortical venous reflux. Previous endovascular techniques relied heavily on transvenous coil embolization. Recent advances in endovascular materials have facilitated the treatment and cure of many of these lesions via transarterial approaches. Penetration of liquid embolic agent into the nidus and foot of the draining vein is crucial for long-term angiographic cure.