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Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
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Preparation and solid state characterisation of chlorothiazide sodium intermolecular self-assembly suprastructure.

Krzysztof J Paluch1, Lidia Tajber, Thomas McCabe

  • 1School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences : Official Journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences
|September 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study characterizes chlorothiazide sodium, revealing its crystal structure and solid-state properties. The sodium salt exhibits significantly higher aqueous solubility than chlorothiazide, suggesting potential biopharmaceutical advantages.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Chlorothiazide (CTZ) is a thiazide diuretic that can form salts, unlike other diuretics in its class.
  • An injectable formulation of chlorothiazide sodium exists, but its physicochemical and solid-state properties are unreported.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of chlorothiazide sodium.
  • To characterize its solid-state properties and compare them to chlorothiazide.
  • To assess the potential biopharmaceutical advantages of the sodium salt.

Main Methods:

  • Single crystal X-ray diffraction
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
  • Thermal analysis
  • Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD)
  • Infrared (IR) spectroscopy
  • Dynamic moisture sorption (DMS)
  • Solubility analysis

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure of chlorothiazide sodium was determined as triclinic (space group P-1).
  • It forms a polymeric suprastructure with sodium cations and water bridges: (CTZ)(3)·(H(2)O)·Na(H(2)O)(2)Na·(H(2)O)·(CTZ)(3).
  • A stable monosodium dihydrate form (10-90% RH) and an anhydrous form (0-20% RH) were identified.
  • Chlorothiazide sodium dihydrate showed approximately 400-fold higher aqueous solubility than chlorothiazide at 37°C.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal structure and solid-state characteristics of chlorothiazide sodium have been fully elucidated.
  • The salt exists in stable dihydrate and anhydrous forms.
  • The significantly enhanced aqueous solubility of chlorothiazide sodium offers potential biopharmaceutical benefits for drug formulation and delivery.