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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The long...
Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Outer-Boundary Assisted Segmentation and Quantification of Trabecular Bones by an Imagej Plugin
09:36

Outer-Boundary Assisted Segmentation and Quantification of Trabecular Bones by an Imagej Plugin

Published on: March 14, 2018

BoneJ: Free and extensible bone image analysis in ImageJ.

Michael Doube1, Michał M Kłosowski, Ignacio Arganda-Carreras

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK. m.doube@imperial.ac.uk

Bone
|September 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed BoneJ, a free, open-source ImageJ plugin for analyzing bone geometry from CT and microCT scans. This tool simplifies complex bone measurements, making advanced analysis accessible to more scientists.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Comparative Anatomy
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Bone geometry analysis is crucial for understanding bone health and disease.
  • Existing software for analyzing computed tomographic (CT) and X-ray microtomographic (microCT) images can be costly, restrictive, or lack transparency.
  • Researchers require accessible tools for analyzing diverse bone imaging data, especially when working remotely.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, open-source software solution for quantitative bone geometry analysis.
  • To implement standard bone measurements within a user-friendly ImageJ plugin.
  • To provide a flexible and transparent alternative to existing commercial software.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a new ImageJ plugin named BoneJ.
  • Implementation of standard algorithms for measuring bone geometry from CT and microCT images.
  • Testing and application of BoneJ on diverse bone imaging datasets, including trabecular bone, whole bones, and osteocyte lacunae.

Main Results:

  • BoneJ was successfully implemented, enabling the analysis of bone geometry from various imaging modalities.
  • The plugin facilitated the measurement of trabecular bone, whole bones, and osteocyte lacunae.
  • BoneJ proved to be a versatile tool for analyzing bone images from diverse species.

Conclusions:

  • BoneJ offers a free, open-source, and adaptable solution for bone geometry analysis.
  • The plugin addresses the limitations of existing software, improving accessibility and transparency in bone research.
  • BoneJ empowers researchers to conduct detailed bone analyses regardless of their location or budget.