Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence01:20

Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence

Pathogenic bacteria employ a variety of strategies to establish infections, including the secretion of extracellular enzymes that act as potent virulence factors. These enzymes facilitate bacterial colonization of host tissues and help evade immune surveillance. By targeting structural components of host tissues and interfering with immune mechanisms, these enzymes play a pivotal role in disease progression.Extracellular Enzymes Facilitating Tissue Invasion: Several bacterial pathogens secrete...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparative effects of ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime on cytokine production in patients with severe sepsis caused by gram-negative bacteria.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy·2004
Same author

Remote abscess formation during interferon-alpha therapy for viral hepatitis.

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·2003
Same author

Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein as early markers of sepsis in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmosis.

Diabetologia·2001
Same author

Monotherapy with intravenous followed by oral high-dose ciprofloxacin versus combination therapy with ceftazidime plus amikacin as initial empiric therapy for granulocytopenic patients with fever.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy·2000
Same author

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte rigidity is defective in patients with chronic renal failure.

Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association·2000
Same author

Effect of cytokines and colony-stimulating factors on passive polymorphonuclear leukocyte deformability in vitro.

Cytokine·2000

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

In Vitro Assay of Bacterial Adhesion onto Mammalian Epithelial Cells
05:57

In Vitro Assay of Bacterial Adhesion onto Mammalian Epithelial Cells

Published on: May 16, 2011

Trimethoprim, sulphamethoxazole, bacterial adhesion and polymorphonuclear leucocyte function.

C E Emmanouilides1, P E Lianou, H P Bassaris

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Medical School of Athens, Goudi, Greece.

The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
|December 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations reduced bacterial adherence and enhanced immune cell activity. This suggests antibiotics may modulate host-pathogen interactions beyond direct bacterial killing, impacting bacterial infection outcomes.

More Related Videos

Introducing Shear Stress in the Study of Bacterial Adhesion
13:28

Introducing Shear Stress in the Study of Bacterial Adhesion

Published on: September 2, 2011

Biomimetic Materials to Characterize Bacteria-host Interactions
12:22

Biomimetic Materials to Characterize Bacteria-host Interactions

Published on: November 16, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

In Vitro Assay of Bacterial Adhesion onto Mammalian Epithelial Cells
05:57

In Vitro Assay of Bacterial Adhesion onto Mammalian Epithelial Cells

Published on: May 16, 2011

Introducing Shear Stress in the Study of Bacterial Adhesion
13:28

Introducing Shear Stress in the Study of Bacterial Adhesion

Published on: September 2, 2011

Biomimetic Materials to Characterize Bacteria-host Interactions
12:22

Biomimetic Materials to Characterize Bacteria-host Interactions

Published on: November 16, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health concern.
  • Understanding sub-antimicrobial dose effects is crucial for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Bacterial adherence and host immune responses are key factors in infection pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of subinhibitory concentrations of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole on bacterial adherence and host immune cell function.
  • To evaluate the effects of these antibiotics on the interaction between common uropathogens and human immune cells.

Main Methods:

  • Culturing of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
  • Exposure to subinhibitory concentrations (1/4 Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of trimethoprim, sulphamethoxazole, or their combination.
  • Assessment of bacterial adherence to host cells.
  • Evaluation of phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs).
  • Analysis of the chemotactic response of human PMNs to bacterial filtrates.

Main Results:

  • Subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations significantly reduced the adherence of all tested bacterial strains.
  • No significant change in the number of phagocytosed bacteria was observed.
  • A significant increase in the bactericidal activity of PMNs against pre-exposed bacteria was noted.
  • Filtrates from bacteria grown with antibiotics enhanced the chemotactic response of human PMNs.

Conclusions:

  • Subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations can modulate bacterial virulence factors, specifically reducing adherence.
  • These antibiotic concentrations enhance the host immune response by increasing PMN bactericidal activity and chemotaxis.
  • This suggests a potential role for sub-antimicrobial antibiotic dosing in modulating host-pathogen interactions and improving infection outcomes.