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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol
08:20

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

Published on: December 30, 2016

[IPEX syndrome and human Treg cells].

Keisuke Otsubo1, Hirokazu Kanegane, Ichiro Kobayashi

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama.

Nihon Rinsho Men'Eki Gakkai Kaishi = Japanese Journal of Clinical Immunology
|September 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress excessive immune responses to maintain homeostasis. A deficiency in Tregs causes IPEX syndrome, characterized by dermatitis, enteropathy, and endocrinopathy.

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Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells
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Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

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Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
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Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol
08:20

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

Published on: December 30, 2016

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells
14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Context:

  • CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells, known as regulatory T cells (Tregs), possess crucial immune inhibitory functions.
  • These cells are vital for preventing exaggerated immune responses in conditions like autoimmune diseases, allergies, and inflammation, thereby maintaining immunological homeostasis.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the function of human regulatory T cells (Tregs).
  • To describe the clinical and molecular characteristics of patients diagnosed with IPEX syndrome.

Summary:

  • The FOXP3 gene is identified as a master transcriptional factor for Tregs, crucial for their development, differentiation, and immune suppression.
  • Deficiency or dysfunction of Tregs leads to IPEX syndrome, a condition marked by chronic dermatitis, severe enteropathy, and autoimmune endocrinopathies such as insulin-dependent diabetes and thyroiditis.

Impact:

  • Understanding Treg function and the genetic basis of IPEX syndrome can inform the development of targeted therapies for immune dysregulation.
  • This research highlights the critical role of Tregs in preventing autoimmune conditions and maintaining immune balance.