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Related Concept Videos

Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

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Use of the Invertebrate Galleria mellonella as an Infection Model to Study the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex
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Use of the Invertebrate Galleria mellonella as an Infection Model to Study the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex

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Tuberculosis in humans and animals: an overview.

P A LoBue1, D A Enarson, C O Thoen

  • 1Field Service and Evaluation Branch, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
|September 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Tuberculosis (TB) affects humans and animals, with Mycobacterium bovis posing economic threats globally. Further research is needed to understand its impact on human TB, especially in developing nations.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant zoonotic disease affecting both humans and animals.
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis exhibit differential host specificity across various animal species.
  • M. bovis is a major economic concern in livestock and wildlife, with limited data on its human incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the host susceptibility and transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis.
  • To highlight the economic impact of M. bovis in animal populations.
  • To emphasize the need for further investigation into the role of M. bovis in human TB, particularly in developing countries and in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of host-pathogen interactions for M. tuberculosis and M. bovis.
  • Analysis of economic implications of M. bovis in global animal health.
  • Identification of research gaps concerning M. bovis transmission and human disease burden.

Main Results:

  • Humans, primates, and guinea pigs are susceptible to M. tuberculosis, while cattle, rabbits, and cats are susceptible to M. bovis.
  • Swine and dogs are susceptible to both M. tuberculosis and M. bovis.
  • M. bovis contributes to a small fraction of human TB cases but has significant economic impact on animals; its human-to-human transmission is debated.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding M. bovis epidemiology in animals is crucial for public health, especially in regions with high HIV prevalence.
  • Targeted research is essential to clarify the contribution of M. bovis to human TB incidence.
  • Control strategies include eradicating M. bovis in cattle and implementing dairy product pasteurization to prevent human infections.