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Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO
10:35

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Published on: February 12, 2013

Reflective correctors for the Hubble Space Telescope axial instruments.

M Bottema

    Applied Optics
    |September 8, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    New reflective correctors fixed the Hubble Space Telescope's spherical aberration. These optical elements restored camera resolution and spectrograph capabilities for improved astronomical observations.

    Area of Science:

    • Astronomy and Astrophysics
    • Optical Engineering
    • Space Science

    Background:

    • The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) suffered from spherical aberration, significantly degrading its optical performance.
    • This aberration limited the clarity and resolution of scientific instruments, impacting observational data quality.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and implement optical correctors to compensate for the HST's spherical aberration.
    • To restore and enhance the performance of key scientific instruments, including cameras and spectrographs.

    Main Methods:

    • Development and deployment of five reflective correctors, each comprising a field mirror and an aspherical reimaging mirror.
    • Integration of these correctors into a new module replacing an existing axial instrument during a refurbishment mission.

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    Published on: April 22, 2013

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    Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

    Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO
    10:35

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    Published on: February 12, 2013

    Construction of a High Resolution Microscope with Conventional and Holographic Optical Trapping Capabilities
    09:12

    Construction of a High Resolution Microscope with Conventional and Holographic Optical Trapping Capabilities

    Published on: April 22, 2013

    Main Results:

    • Restoration of angular resolution capability in the HST's camera, albeit within reduced fields of view.
    • Regained potential for observations in crowded fields and effective light collection at spectrograph slits.

    Conclusions:

    • The successful implementation of reflective correctors effectively corrected spherical aberration in the HST.
    • Instrument performance was significantly improved, enabling higher quality astronomical data acquisition.