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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers
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Subtyping pathological gamblers based on impulsivity, depression, and anxiety.

David M Ledgerwood1, Nancy M Petry

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors : Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors
|September 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study identified three subtypes of pathological gamblers (PGs) based on the Pathways model. While subtypes differed in baseline severity and history, all showed similar treatment responses for gambling addiction.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Pathological gambling is a complex disorder with potential underlying subtypes.
  • The Pathways model proposes distinct subtypes of pathological gamblers (PGs).
  • Understanding these subtypes may inform tailored treatment approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine putative subtypes of pathological gamblers (PGs) based on the Pathways model.
  • To evaluate if these subtypes benefit differentially from treatment.
  • To assess baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes across identified subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • Treatment-seeking PGs (N = 229) were categorized into Pathways subtypes using anxiety, depression, and impulsivity scores.
  • The Addiction Severity Index-Gambling assessed problem severity at baseline, posttreatment, and 12-month follow-up.
  • Subtypes included behaviorally conditioned (BC), emotionally vulnerable (EV), and antisocial impulsive (AI) gamblers.

Main Results:

  • EV and AI gamblers exhibited higher psychiatric and gambling severity compared to BC gamblers.
  • AI gamblers showed elevated legal, family/social severity, and higher rates of antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse history.
  • Despite baseline differences, all three subtypes demonstrated similar treatment response patterns for gambling severity.

Conclusions:

  • The three Pathways subtypes of pathological gamblers differ in baseline characteristics, including psychiatric history and severity.
  • Subtyping did not predict treatment outcomes beyond the general association with problem gambling severity.
  • Further research may explore other factors influencing treatment efficacy in pathological gambling.